On the coefficients of the Lie bracket of vector fields
(see also about solvable algebras and solvable structures)
Let \(M\) be a manifold and \(X_1,\ldots,X_r\) vector fields on \(M\). The condition
\[ [X_i,X_j]=\sum f_{ij}^k \cdot X_k, \tag{1} \]where \(f_{ij}^k\) are functions, implies that the distribution \(\mathcal{S}(\{X_1,\ldots,X_r\})\) generated by them is involutive. Frobenius theorem says that there exist integral manifolds.
But there is a more restricted condition, constant coefficients:
\[ [X_i,X_j]=\sum c_{ij}^k \cdot X_k \tag{2} \]where \(c_{ij}^k \in \mathbb{R}\). This means that they constitute a finite dimensional Lie subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{X}(M)\) (with (1) they constitute a possibly infinite dimensional one). In this case there exist a finite dimensional Lie group \(G\) acting on \(M\) such that the integral manifolds of the distribution \(\mathcal{S}(\{X_1,\ldots,X_r\})\) are the orbits of \(G\)!!!
And even more, if every
\[ [X_i,X_j]=0 \]then the group is isomorphic to the translations \(\mathbb{R}^r\).
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